Karyotype and genome size variation in Delphinium subg. Anthriscifolium (Ranunculaceae).

Five taxa of Delphiniumsubg.Anthriscifolium have been karyologically studied through chromosome counting, chromosomal measurement, and karyotype symmetry. Each taxon that we investigated has a basic chromosome number of x = 8, D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.ecalcaratum, and D.callichromum were diploid with 2n = 16, while D.anthriscifoliumvar.anthriscifolium was tetraploid with 2n = 32. Monoploid chromosome sets of the investigated diploid taxa contained 1 metacentric chromosome, 3 submetacentric chromosomes, and 4 subtelocentric chromosomes. Higher interchromosomal asymmetry (CVCL) was present in D.ecalcaratum and D.callichromum than in other taxa. The highest levels of intrachromosomal asymmetry (MCA) and heterogeneity in centromere position (CVCI) were found in D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus. Diploid and tetraploid genome sizes varied by 3.02-3.92 pg and 6.04-6.60 pg, respectively. Karyotype and genome size of D.anthriscifoliumvar.savatieri, D.anthriscifoliumvar.majus, D.callichromum, and D.ecalcaratum were reported for the first time. Finally, based on cytological and morphological data, the classification of Delphiniumanthriscifolium was revised.

Gelidocalamuszixingensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Arundinarieae), a new species from southern China revealed by morphological and molecular evidence.

The genus Gelidocalamus T. H. Wen, endemic to southern China, is a small but taxonomically problematic genus of Arundinarieae (Poaceae, Bambusoideae). During field work, a population of Gelidocalamus from Zixing, Hunan, was discovered, appearing to be distinct from our previously identified collection. Comparisons of the population of Zixing were performed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a plastid genome-based phylogeny. Morphologically, it was mostly similar to G.multifolius, but differed by culm leaf erect with densely white pubescence, apical branch sheath much longer than the internodes and foliage leaf larger. Phylogenetically, the new species was well-supported as a sister to the clade of G.multifolius + G.tessellatus, and the above three taxa were clustered in the Shibataea clade (IV) of Arundinarieae. Thus, the new species, formally named as Gelidocalamuszixingensis W.G.Zhang, G.Y.Yang & C.K.Wang, was described and illustrated herein.

Complete chloroplast genome of a rare deciduous tree species, Sinomanglietia glauca (Magnoliaceae).

The complete chloroplast genome of a rare deciduous tree species with ornamental value, Sinomanglietia glauca, was first determined. It was 160,170 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR, 26,567 bp) regions separated by a small single copy (SSC, 18,842 bp) sequence and a large single copy (LSC, 88,194 bp) sequence. The chloroplast genome contained 132 genes, consisting of 87 CDS, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. Thirty-four SSR sites were detected in the chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all sampled Manglietia species were clustered together, and S. glauca was placed as sister to the clade Manglietia, indicated that the genus Sinomanglietia may be legitimate and should be recovered.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gelidocalamus xunwuensis (Bambusoideae: Arundinarieae): a shrubby bamboo endemic to China.

The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gelidocalamus xunwuensis, firstly determined here, is 139,705 bp in length, inclusive of a pair of inverted repeat (IR, 21,817 bp) regions separated by a small single copy (SSC, 12,803 bp) and a large single copy (LSC, 83,268 bp). It contains 132 genes, such as 85 CDS, 8 rRNA genes, and 39 tRNA genes, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis shows that G. xunwuensis is highly clustered in the shibataea clade (III) of Arundinarieae, sister to the clade of G. tessellatus + Ferrocalamus rimosivaginus.